💡 Preparing for your Software Testing interview? Here's a quick roundup of essential questions to ace your next QA role. This blog provides a comprehensive list of commonly asked Software Testing interview questions with answers to help you ace your interview. 👇

1.    What is Software Testing?

Software Testing is evaluating and verifying if a software product does what it is supposed to do. The software testing process aims not only to find faults in the existing software but also to find measures to improve the software in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and usability. It mainly aims at measuring the specification, functionality, and performance of a software program or application.

2.    What are the Different Types of Software Testing?

There are many ways to test software. Some types of software testing are conducted by software developers while some are conducted by specialized quality assurance staff. Here are the different types of software testing with brief descriptions for each.

Ø Manual Testing: Testing any software according to the client’s needs without using any automation tool is known as Manual Testing.

Ø Automation Testing: Testing any software according to the client’s needs using an automation tool is called Automation Testing.

Ø White-box Testing: In white-box testing, internal structure, internal design, the data structure used, the code structure of the software, and the working of the software are analyzed.

Ø Black Box testing: In Black Box testing, the functionalities of the software are tested without knowing the internal code structure, internal paths, and implementation details of the software.

Ø Grey Box Testing: In grey box testing, there is partial knowledge of the internal structure of the application. The purpose is to search and identify the defects due to improper code structure or improper use of applications.

Ø Functional Testing: In functional testing, the software system is validated against the functional requirements.

Ø Non-Functional Testing: In non-functional testing, the non-functional parameters like reliability, load test, performance, and accountability of the software are tested.

Ø Unit Testing: Unit testing is the type of software testing where the individual units or modules of the system are tested.

Ø Integration Testing: Integration testing is the type of testing where software modules are integrated logically and tested as a group.

Ø System Testing: This type of testing validates the sully integrated software product.

Ø Performance Testing: This testing is used for testing the speed, response time, stability, reliability, scalability, and resource usage of a software application under a particular workload.

Ø Usability Testing: It is also known as User Experience Testing. It is a testing type to check how easy and user-friendly a software application is.

Ø Compatibility Testing: Compatibility testing is a type of non-functional testing that is done to check whether the software is capable of running on different hardware, operating systems, applications, network environments, or mobile devices.

Ø Incremental Testing: Incremental testing involves integrating modules one by one to uncover defects by developers. In non-incremental testing, the data is created in one module and is combined with all the other modules to check and test the flow of data between them.

Ø Top-Down Testing: In top-down testing, the higher-level modules are tested first then the lower-level modules are tested. In this approach, the subs are used as a replacement for the submodules, if the invoked submodule is not developed.

Ø Bottom-Up Testing: In bottom-up testing, the lower-level modules are tested first, then the higher-level modules are tested. This approach uses test drivers which are mainly used to pass the required data to the sub-modules from the higher level to the lower-level module.

Ø Load Testing: In this type of testing, the performance of the software application is tested under a specific expected load.

Ø Stress Testing: It is a type of testing that verifies the stability and reliability of the software.

Ø Scalability Testing: It is a type of testing method that measures the performance of the system or network when the number of user requests is scaled up or down.

Ø Stability Testing: This type of testing is done to verify whether the application can continuously perform well or just above the acceptable period.

3.    What are the Different Phases of the Software Testing Life Cycle?

There are six phases in the software testing life cycle:

Ø Requirements Analysis- In this phase, the testing team studies the requirements to identify the testable requirements. The requirements can be functional or non-functional. The various activities in this phase are-

●      Identify the type of test to be conducted.

●      Prepare Requirement Traceability Matrix.

●      Identify test environment details.

●      Gather information about testing priorities.

Ø Test Planning- The senior QA manager decides the test plan strategy along with cost estimates and efforts for the project. In this phase, the test environment, test schedule, and test limitations are also determined. This phase includes the following activities-

●      Preparation of the test strategy document.

●      Test Effort and cost estimation.

●      Test limitation, test schedule determination.

●      Resource planning.

●      Determining roles and responsibilities.

Ø Test Case Development- This phase involves the creation, verification, and rework of test cases after the test plan is ready. The following activities are included in this phase-

●      Test case creation.

●      Review test cases.

●      Create test data.

Ø Test Environment Setup- In this phase, the hardware and software conditions under which a work product is tested are determined. This phase includes the following activities-

●      Understand the environment setup and determine the hardware and software requirements for the test environment.

●      Set up the test environment.

●      Set up test data.

Ø Test Execution- In this phase, the testers carry out the testing of the software build based on the prepared test plans and test cases. The bugs reported here are reverted to the development team for correction and retesting will be carried out. The activities involved in this phase are-

●      Test script execution.

●      Test script maintenance.

●      Bug reporting.

●      Map defects to test cases in RTM.

●      Track defects to closure.

Ø Test Closure- This is the last phase of test execution which involves several activities like test completion reporting, and collection of test results. This phase involves the following activities-

●      Analyze testing artifacts to identify strategies.

●      Prepare test metrics.

●      Document learning of the project.

●      Prepare test closure project.

4.    What are the Different Levels of Testing?

There are mainly four levels of software testing –

Ø Unit Testing – This level of testing aims to test each unit or module of the software by separating it. In this type of testing, it is checked whether the components are fulfilling the functionalities or not.

Ø Integration Testing – In this type of testing, the different modules are combined and tested as a group to make sure that the integrated system is ready for system testing.

Ø System Testing – In this type of testing, the complete, integrated system is tested. The system’s compliance is checked as per the requirements. The overall interaction of the components is tested.

Ø Acceptance Testing – It is usually done by the user or customer. However, other stockholders also are involved in this process. It is used to evaluate whether the requirements are met as per its delivery. This is also known as User Acceptance Testing (UAT).

 5.    What is use case testing?

It is a testing technique that helps to identify the test cases to cover the entire system from start to end. Test cases are the transactions that are performed between the user and the system. The use case testing helps in the following ways-

●      Identify the gaps in the software application.

●      It helps to capture the functional requirements of the system.

●      It helps to manage the complexity since it focuses on one specific usage aspect at a time.

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