Dynamic testing is a software testing technique where the code is executed to identify defects and validate functionality during runtime. It focuses on checking the software’s behavior, performance, and usability in real-world scenarios. This type of testing is essential for verifying both functional and non-functional requirements, ensuring the system operates as expected under various conditions. Dynamic testing includes techniques such as unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing.

1. What is dynamic testing?

Answer: Dynamic testing is a type of software testing that involves executing the code to identify defects during the runtime. It focuses on testing the system's functional behavior, performance, and usability by actively running the application.

2. How does dynamic testing differ from static testing?

Answer:

• Dynamic Testing: Involves executing the program to find defects.
• Static Testing: Analyzes code or documentation without execution to detect errors.

Dynamic testing is performed during the validation phase, whereas static testing occurs during verification.

3. Why is dynamic testing important?

Answer: Dynamic testing is crucial because it:

• Ensures the application works as intended in real-world scenarios.
• Detects runtime errors such as crashes, memory leaks, and logical flaws.
• Validates functional and non-functional requirements.

4. What are the key types of dynamic testing?

Answer:

1. Unit Testing: Testing individual components.
2. Integration Testing: Testing interactions between modules.
3. System Testing: Testing the complete system.
4. Acceptance Testing: Validating the system against user requirements.

5. What is the main objective of dynamic testing?

Answer: The primary objective is to:

• Verify the application’s behavior under different conditions.
• Identify and fix runtime errors.
• Ensure the software meets functional and non-functional requirements.

6. What are some tools used for dynamic testing?

Answer: Popular tools include:

• Selenium
• JUnit
• TestNG
• Apache JMeter
• LoadRunner
• QTP (Quick Test Professional)

7. How do black-box and white-box testing relate to dynamic testing?

Answer:

• Black-box Testing: Focuses on input and output without knowing internal code.
• White-box Testing: Tests internal logic and structure of the code. Both are techniques of dynamic testing.

8. What is meant by functional and non-functional testing in dynamic testing?

Answer:

• Functional Testing: Validates the functionality of the application against requirements.
• Non-functional Testing: Focuses on performance, usability, reliability, and scalability.

9. What is exploratory testing, and how does it relate to dynamic testing?

Answer: Exploratory testing is a type of dynamic testing where testers actively explore the application to identify defects without predefined test cases. It is user-focused and helps uncover critical issues.

10. What are some challenges in dynamic testing?

Answer: Challenges include:

• Time constraints due to extensive test execution.
• Difficulty in reproducing certain runtime defects.
• Dependency on high-quality test data.

11. How do you prioritize test cases in dynamic testing?

Answer: Prioritization is based on:

• Business-critical functionalities.
• High-risk areas.
• Frequently used features.

12. What are test cases, and why are they important in dynamic testing?

Answer: Test cases are predefined steps or conditions to test specific functionalities. They guide the testing process, ensuring thorough coverage and defect identification.

13. What is the role of a test environment in dynamic testing?

Answer: A test environment replicates the production setup to ensure real-world testing. It includes hardware, software, and network configurations.

14. Explain regression testing as part of dynamic testing.

Answer: Regression testing verifies that recent changes haven’t adversely affected existing functionality. It ensures the stability of the software after updates.

15. What is smoke testing in dynamic testing?

Answer: Smoke testing is a preliminary test to check the basic functionality of the application. It ensures the software is stable enough for further testing.

16. How does load testing fit into dynamic testing?

Answer: Load testing evaluates the system’s performance under expected user loads. It helps identify bottlenecks and ensures scalability.

17. What is stress testing, and how is it different from load testing?

Answer:

• Stress Testing: Examines system behavior under extreme conditions.
• Load Testing: Tests performance under normal user load.

18. What are the entry and exit criteria in dynamic testing?

Answer:

• Entry Criteria: Conditions that must be met before testing starts (e.g., code freeze).
• Exit Criteria: Conditions that must be fulfilled before testing concludes (e.g., no critical defects).

19. What is defect leakage in dynamic testing?

Answer: Defect leakage occurs when a bug is not identified during testing and is discovered in production. It highlights gaps in the testing process.

20. Can dynamic testing be automated?

Answer: Yes, dynamic testing can be automated using tools like Selenium, JUnit, and TestNG, especially for repetitive tasks like regression and performance testing.

21. How do you handle flaky test cases in dynamic testing?

Answer: Flaky tests are unstable test cases. Handling them involves:

• Debugging the root cause.
• Improving synchronization.
• Using robust test data.

22. What is the difference between alpha and beta testing?

Answer:

• Alpha Testing: Performed internally by the development team.
• Beta Testing: Conducted by real users in a production-like environment.

23. How is performance testing part of dynamic testing?

Answer: Performance testing measures speed, responsiveness, and stability under various conditions, ensuring the application meets performance benchmarks.

24. What is data-driven testing in dynamic testing?

Answer: Data-driven testing uses input data stored externally (e.g., in files or databases) to execute the same test case with multiple data sets.

25. What is boundary value analysis in dynamic testing?

Answer: Boundary value analysis tests edge cases at the boundary limits of input ranges, ensuring the application handles extreme values effectively.

26. How does equivalence partitioning work in dynamic testing?

Answer: Equivalence partitioning divides input data into valid and invalid partitions, reducing the number of test cases while ensuring effective coverage.

27. What is error guessing in dynamic testing?

Answer: Error guessing relies on the tester's experience to identify common areas of failure, such as invalid inputs or boundary values.

28. How do you measure the success of dynamic testing?

Answer: Success is measured by:

• Number of defects identified and fixed.
• Test coverage percentage.
• System stability in production.

29. What is the significance of test logs in dynamic testing?

Answer: Test logs record test execution details, help track errors, monitor progress, and troubleshoot issues effectively.

30. How can you improve the efficiency of dynamic testing?

Answer: Efficiency can be improved by:

• Automating repetitive tasks.
• Using risk-based testing approaches.
• Regularly updating test cases based on feedback.